For Downloading ROS on your laptop you have 3 choices of installation
- Basic (only build and communication libraries. No GUI tools.)
- Desktop ( ROS with GUI tools)
- Desktop-Full ( ROS, GUI, robot-generic libraries, 2D/3D simulators, navigation and 2D/3D perception)
I prefer that you Install the Desktop-Full Version of ROS Kinetic.
To download the ROS, We are going to use the Terminal.
You can open terminal from Application list or from short-cut (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Remember the short-cut of opening terminal because we will using it a lot.
The Installation Process is fully documented on official wiki page : Installation Procedure
Just following it is a wise option.
When your are done with the ROS Installation, you are now ready to learn the basics of ROS.